Crime Reduction Toolkit

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Intervention

Impact on
crime

Effect

How it
works

Mechanism

Where it
works

Moderator

How to
do it

Implementation

What it
costs

Economic cost

After school clubs

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but,some studies suggest either an increase or a decrease)

Very strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Very strong evidence

what empty

No evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Aggression Replacement Training (ART) for reducing antisocial behaviour

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but,some studies suggest either an increase or a decrease)

Average evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Poor evidence

what empty

No evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Alcohol pricing

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Average evidence

what empty

No evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Alley gating

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Very strong evidence

cog full

Strong evidence

where full

Strong evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost full

Average evidence

pin-empty

Boot camps

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but,some studies suggest either an increase or a decrease)

Very strong evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost full

Poor evidence

pin-empty

Brief interventions for alcohol use disorders within criminal justice settings

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Average evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where empty

No evidence

what empty

No evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Car breathalyser lock

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

CCTV

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Strong evidence

cog full

Strong evidence

where full

Very strong evidence

what full

Average evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Strong evidence

cog full

Strong evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for Domestic Violence

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Average evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Domestic abuse sanctions

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but,some studies suggest either an increase or a decrease)

Poor evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Poor evidence

what empty

No evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Drink drive stops

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Very strong evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Very strong evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Drink driving campaigns

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Poor evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

No evidence

what full

Average evidence

cost full

Poor evidence

pin-empty

Drink driving courts

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Poor evidence

what empty

No evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Drink driving patrols

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where empty

No evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Drinking age

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but,some studies suggest either an increase or a decrease)

Poor evidence

cog full

No evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Drug courts

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime (but some studies suggest an increase)

Very strong evidence

cog full

Very strong evidence

where full

Very strong evidence

what full

Very strong evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Drug substitutes

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but,some studies suggest either an increase or a decrease)

Strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Average evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Electronic tagging: General offences

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but,some studies suggest either an increase or a decrease)

Very strong evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Very strong evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost full

Average evidence

pin-empty

Electronic tagging: Sex offences

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Very strong evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Very strong evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost full

Average evidence

pin-empty

Environmental design to prevent retail robbery

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Poor evidence

cog empty

No evidence

where full

Poor evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Firearm laws

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime (but some studies suggest an increase)

Poor evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Average evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Health visitors

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Average evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost full

Poor evidence

pin-empty

Healthcare screening for domestic abuse

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Very strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Hot spots policing

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Very strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Average evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Limiting alcohol sales

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but,some studies suggest either an increase or a decrease)

Average evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Poor evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost full

Poor evidence

pin-empty

Mediation

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime (but some studies suggest an increase)

Strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Mental health courts

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime (but some studies suggest an increase)

Very strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Poor evidence

what full

Average evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Mentoring

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime (but some studies suggest an increase)

Very strong evidence

cog full

Strong evidence

where full

Strong evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Moral Reconation Therapy

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Strong evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Motivational Interviewing

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Strong evidence

cog full

Strong evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Multisystemic therapy

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Very strong evidence

cog empty

No evidence

where empty

No evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Music making

No evidence to suggest an impact on crime

Poor evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Poor evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Neighbourhood watch

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Outdoor challenges

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Strong evidence

cog full

Strong evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Average evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Prison education

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime (but some studies suggest an increase)

Very strong evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Average evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Probation officer training

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

No evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Problem-orientated policing

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime (but some studies suggest an increase)

Strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Poor evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Psychological treatment of adults convicted of sex offences against children

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but,some studies suggest either an increase or a decrease)

Poor evidence

cog full

No evidence

where empty

No evidence

what empty

No evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Pupil referral units

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but,some studies suggest either an increase or a decrease)

Strong evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Red light cameras

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Very strong evidence

cog full

Strong evidence

where full

Poor evidence

what full

Average evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Relationship violence education

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Very strong evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Average evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Release on temporary license

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Poor evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Poor evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Restorative Justice

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Very strong evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost full

Poor evidence

pin-empty

Retail tagging

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Strong evidence

cog full

Strong evidence

where full

Strong evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

"Scared Straight" programmes

Overall, evidence suggests an increase in crime

Very strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where empty

No evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

School-based programmes to reduce drink driving

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Average evidence

cog full

Strong evidence

where full

Strong evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Second response to domestic abuse

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Poor evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Social skills training

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but some studies suggest a decrease)

Strong evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Average evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Speed cameras

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Very strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Street lighting

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Very strong evidence

cog full

Strong evidence

where full

Average evidence

what empty

No evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Therapeutic communities

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime (but some studies suggest an increase)

Strong evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost full

Poor evidence

pin-empty

Therapeutic foster care NEW

Overall, evidence suggests a decrease in crime

Strong evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Average evidence

what full

Strong evidence

cost full

No evidence

pin-empty

Trying youths as adults

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but,some studies suggest either an increase or a decrease)

Strong evidence

cog full

Strong evidence

where full

Strong evidence

what full

Average evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Young offender aftercare

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but,some studies suggest either an increase or a decrease)

Strong evidence

cog full

Average evidence

where full

Very strong evidence

what full

Very strong evidence

cost empty

No evidence

pin-empty

Youth curfews

Overall, evidence suggests no impact on crime (but,some studies suggest either an increase or a decrease)

Very strong evidence

cog full

Poor evidence

where full

Poor evidence

what full

Poor evidence

cost full

Poor evidence

pin-empty

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